http://www.rockroseproductions.com hacked by syskc0 Wed, 17 Sep 2008 13:23:54 +0000 http://backend.userland.com/rss092 en The steadily increasing number of computers being installed adds greater and greater emphasis to the use of facts in decision making. Information as a management tool has already acquired high status. Going forward more importance is likely to be given for this. http://www.rockroseproductions.com/decision-making-process-and-facts/ To meet the needs of telephone customers, modem switching systems are designed to perform four major functions - Call Processing, Administration, customer service and Maintenance. Call Processing comprises all necessary tasks to connect one telephone to another. These tasks include Supervision while Administration involves monitoring and recording of the system ... http://www.rockroseproductions.com/functions-of-modem-switching-system/ Analog ESS perform line and/or trunk connections that are in analog form when they pass through the switch while the Digital ESS connects lines and/or trunk circuits that convert the analog signals into digital form when they pass through the switch.The digital ESS is more efficient than the analog ESS ... http://www.rockroseproductions.com/digital-ess-vs-analog-ess/ Electronic Switching Systems offer a great potential for voice and data communications. An ESS consists of Computer Memory and Rapid Switching Component. Switching systems are programmed to handle various situations and perform specialized functions. Additional features can be added by modifying the program that controls the switching system. All switching ... http://www.rockroseproductions.com/electronic-switching-systems/ There are two main types of public network offices through which a call is routed. These are the local offices and the toll offices. Subscribers are connected to local offices. The switching offices used to interconnect the local offices are called toll offices. The toll offices in tum can be ... http://www.rockroseproductions.com/hierarchy-of-switching-offices/ An inter-exchange call is switched between two switching systems. There are five main stages of processing an inter-exchange call. Call Origination begins when the caller first picks up the telephone handset and completes a circuit to the local exchange. Digit Analysis is done during this stage where dialed digits are ... http://www.rockroseproductions.com/stages-of-an-inter-exchange-call-processing/ In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell invented the first telephone. The early telephone system was simply a wired connection between two points. Today there are over 650 million telephones all over the world. The world's telephones must be capable of being interconnected. These telephones cannot be interlinked with each other as ... http://www.rockroseproductions.com/the-concept-of-switching/ Digital signals are susceptible to the same impairments as analog signals when they are transmitted over analog facilities. However, they are less susceptible to most impairments. Digital transmission can be designed to correct errors automatically. For example, digital information signals between computers may be transmitted along with error-detecting codes. When ... http://www.rockroseproductions.com/digital-signal-impairments/ Message circuit noise comes from several sources and includes local exchange battery/ground noise. Two other types of message circuit noise are Thermal noise and Impulse noise. Thermal noise, which is random noise that is generated when electrical circuit elements vary in temperature. Impulse noise, which includes noise generated because of ... http://www.rockroseproductions.com/message-circuit-noise-and-intelligible-crosstalk/ Echo occurs within transmission channels. There are two types of echo. Talker echo, which occurs when the speaker's electrical speech signal is reflected back along the transmission line to the speaker, and listener echo, which is caused by a current circulating in a transmission path. Echo Return Loss (ERL) is ... http://www.rockroseproductions.com/echo-suppressers-and-echo-cancellers/